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MPLS Fast Reroute provides a mechanism for automatically rerouting traffic on an LSP if a node or link in the LSP fails.
Fast rerouting is accomplished by pre-computing and pre-establishing a number of "protection LSPs" between the source and destination routers. Each link or node in an MPLS network can be protected via a protection LSP. This LSP provides an alternative path (detour) for the data being sent through primary LSPs that pass through the link or node should there be a failure.
The LSP acts as a temporary tunnel through which all of the affected LSPs can be routed. The fall-over mechanisms are triggered by physical link or routing events that indicate that the link or node is down. In theory, a router should be able to reroute packets immediately after receiving the event. Ideally there should be no packet loss or interrupted services during the switchover.